Camphoric acid

Camphoric acid, C₁₀H₁₆O₄ or in Latinform Acidum camphoricum, is a white crystallisable substance obtained from the oxidationof camphor, it exists in three optically different forms; dextrorotatory one is obtained by the oxidation of dextrorotatory camphor and used in pharmaceuticals.

History

Acidum camphoricum was studied and isolated for the first time by FrenchpharmacistNicolas Vauquelinin the early 1800sbut it wasn't until September of 1874that DutchchemistJacobus H. Van't Hoffproposed the first suggestion for its molecular structure and optical properties. In 1904Finnishchemist Gustav Komppabecame the first to succeed in manufacturing camphorfrom this acid.

Chemical properties and isolation

Camphoric acid may be prepared by oxidising camphor with nitric acid.

Pharmaceutical uses

This acid has a mild camphor action; it is not very toxic and can be used in very large doses, up to 4 grammes(60 grains), without serious effects; it is supposed to paralyse the nerve-endings in the sweat glands, and is used in the night-sweats of phthisis. It does not affect other secretionsas does atropine, nor irritate the stomachlike agaric acid. Camphoric acid is also employed in solution, 0.2 to 5.0 percent by weight or volume, with sufficient alcohol, as a local antisepticto the nose, throat, and bladder, among other uses, is usually administered as a powder, or in cachets, but may also be given in mixtures suspended with compound powder of tragacanth, or dissolved by the addition of diluted alcohol or a flavouring tincture. When used as an antihydroticthe dose should be given two or three hours before bedtime.

References

• {{qif

 |test={{boolnand
   |1={{booland
     |1={{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}
     |2={{{Title|{{{title|}}}}}}
   }}
   |2={{{Date|{{{date|}}}}}}}}
 |then=web reference: Parameter url, title and date must be specified 

}}{{{Author|{{{author|}}}}}}{{qif

 |test={{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}}
 |then= ({{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{boolor
   |1={{{Author|{{{author|}}}}}}
   |2={{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}}}}
 |then=.}}{{qif
 |test={{booland
   |1={{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}
   |2={{{Title|{{{title|}}}}}}}}
 |then= [{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}} {{{Title|Acidum camphoricum}}}].

}}{{qif

 |test={{{format|{{{Format|}}}}}}
 |then= ({{{Format|{{{format}}}}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Work|{{{work|}}}}}}
 |then= {{{Work|The British Pharmaceutical Codex}}}.}}{{qif
 |test={{{Publisher|{{{publisher|}}}}}}
 |then= {{{Publisher|{{{publisher}}}}}}.

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Date|{{{date|}}}}}}  
 |then= URL accessed on [[{{{Date|September 4}}}]]{{qif
   |test={{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}
   |then=, [[{{{Year|2005}}}]]
 }}

}}.

• {{qif

 |test={{boolnand
   |1={{booland
     |1={{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}
     |2={{{Title|{{{title|}}}}}}
   }}
   |2={{{Date|{{{date|}}}}}}}}
 |then=web reference: Parameter url, title and date must be specified 

}}{{{Author|{{{author|}}}}}}{{qif

 |test={{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}}
 |then= ({{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{boolor
   |1={{{Author|{{{author|}}}}}}
   |2={{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}}}}
 |then=.}}{{qif
 |test={{booland
   |1={{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}
   |2={{{Title|{{{title|}}}}}}}}
 |then= [{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}} {{{Title|Camphoric acid}}}].

}}{{qif

 |test={{{format|{{{Format|}}}}}}
 |then= ({{{Format|{{{format}}}}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Work|{{{work|}}}}}}
 |then= {{{Work|Science and Technology}}}.}}{{qif
 |test={{{Publisher|{{{publisher|}}}}}}
 |then= {{{Publisher|{{{publisher}}}}}}.

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Date|{{{date|}}}}}}  
 |then= URL accessed on [[{{{Date|September 4}}}]]{{qif
   |test={{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}
   |then=, [[{{{Year|2005}}}]]
 }}

}}.

• {{qif

 |test={{boolnand
   |1={{booland
     |1={{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}
     |2={{{Title|{{{title|}}}}}}
   }}
   |2={{{Date|{{{date|}}}}}}}}
 |then=web reference: Parameter url, title and date must be specified 

}}{{{Author|{{{author|}}}}}}{{qif

 |test={{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}}
 |then= ({{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{boolor
   |1={{{Author|{{{author|}}}}}}
   |2={{{PublishYear|{{{publishyear|}}}}}}}}
 |then=.}}{{qif
 |test={{booland
   |1={{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}
   |2={{{Title|{{{title|}}}}}}}}
 |then= [{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}} {{{Title|Camphoric acid}}}].

}}{{qif

 |test={{{format|{{{Format|}}}}}}
 |then= ({{{Format|{{{format}}}}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Work|{{{work|}}}}}}
 |then= {{{Work|Taiwan Tekho Camphor Co}}}.}}{{qif
 |test={{{Publisher|{{{publisher|}}}}}}
 |then= {{{Publisher|{{{publisher}}}}}}.

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Date|{{{date|}}}}}}  
 |then= URL accessed on [[{{{Date|September 4}}}]]{{qif
   |test={{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}
   |then=, [[{{{Year|2005}}}]]
 }}

}}.

• {{qif

  |test={{{Authorlink|}}}
  |then={{wikilink
        |1={{{Authorlink}}}
        |2={{{Author|{{{Last|}}}{{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then=, {{{First}}}}}}}}
        }}
  |else={{{Author|{{{Last|}}}{{{else{{{test|}}}|{{{test{{{test|}}}|{{{then|}}}}}}}}}}|then=, {{{First}}}}}}}}

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Coauthors|}}}
 |then=, {{{Coauthors}}}

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Date|}}}
 |then= ({{{Date}}})
 |else={{qif
   |test={{{Year|}}}
   |then={{qif
     |test={{{Month|}}}
     |then= ({{{Month}}} 1874)
     |else= (1874)
    }}
  }}

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Author|{{{Last|{{{Year|}}}}}}}}}
 |then=. 

}}{{qif

 |test={{{URL|}}}
 |then=[{{{URL}}}
 |else=

}} A suggestion looking to the extension into space of the structural formulas at present used in chemistry. And a note upon the relation between the optical activity and the chemical constitution of organic compounds{{qif

 |test={{{URL|}}}
 |then=]
 |else=

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Journal|}}}
 |then=. Archives neerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Volume|}}}
 |then= 9

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Issue|}}}
 |then= ({{{Issue}}})

}}{{qif

 |test={{{Pages|}}}
 |then=: 445-454

}}{{qif

 |test={{{ID|}}}
 |then=. {{{ID}}}

}}.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphoric+acid Wikipedia article Camphoric acid.