Laparoscopic surgery

Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery (when natural body openings are not used), bandaid surgery, or minimally invasivesurgery (MIS), is a surgicaltechnique. Medically, laparoscopic surgery refers only to operations within the abdomen or pelvic cavity. Laparoscopic surgery belongs to the field of endoscopy. Image:Gallbladderop.jpg A laparoscope consists of a Hopkins rod lenssystem , that is usually connected to a videocamera- single chip or three chip, a fibre opticcable system connected to a 'cold' light source, halogenor xenon, to illuminate the operative field, inserted through a 5mm or 10mm canula to view the operative field. Additional 5- 10mm thin instruments can be introduced by the surgeonthrough side ports. Rather than a 20 cm cut as in traditional cholecystectomy, two to five cuts of 5-15 mm will be sufficient to perform a laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder. The abdomenis usually insufflated with carbon dioxidegas to create a working and viewing space.

This approach is intended to minimise operative blood loss and post-operative pain, and speeds up recovery times. However, in some cases the pain caused by the carbon dioxide leaving the body is severe and painkillers have little or no effect. The restricted vision, difficult handling of the instruments (hand-eye coordination), lack of tactile perception and the limited working area can increase the possibility of damage to surrounding organs and vessels, either accidentally or through the difficulty of procedures.

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It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic+surgery Wikipedia article Laparoscopic surgery.