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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
{{{Name|Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis}}}
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| ICD-10
| N00-N08 (with .1 suffix)
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| ICD-O:
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| ICD-9
| 581.1
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| OMIM
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| MedlinePlus
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| eMedicine
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| DiseasesDB
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most important cause of nephrotic syndromein children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of kidney failurein adults.
What the individual words mean/refer to:
focal - only some of the glomeruli are involved, as opposed to diffuse, segmental - only part of an entire glomerulus is involved, as opposed to global, glomerulo - refers to glomerulus(a part of the nephron(the functional unit of the kidney)), sclerosis - scarring
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 Symptoms & Signs
- 2 Classification
- 3 Diagnosis
- 4 Differential Diagnosis
- 5 Treatment
- 6 External links
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Symptoms & Signs
In children and some adults, FSGS presents as a nephrotic syndrome(which is characterized by edema(associated with weight gain), hypoalbuminemia(low albumin(a protein) in the blood), hyperlipidemiaand hypertension(high blood pressure)). In adults it may also present as kidney failureand proteinuria, without a full-blown nephrotic syndrome.
Classification
Depending on the cause it is broadly classified as
- Primary, when no underlying cause is found; usually presents as nephrotic syndrome
- Secondary, when an underlying cause is identified; usually presents with kidney failureand proteinuria. This is actually a heterogenous group including a myriad causes such as
- Infections such as HIV
- Toxins and drugs such as heroinand pamidronate
- Familial forms
- Secondary to nephronloss and hyperfiltration, such as with chronic pyelonephritisand reflux, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus
There are many other classification schemes also.
Diagnosis
- urinalysis
- blood tests- cholesterol
- kidney biopsy
Differential Diagnosis
- Minimal change disease, especially in children
- several others
Treatment
- salt restriction and diuretics(water pills), such as furosemide, for edema
- antihypertensives(especially ACEIs) - if the blood pressure is too high
- treat present hyperlipidemia(e.g. statins, fibrates)
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone- based on the clinical judgment of physician(no broad consensus/guideline)
External links
- FSGS- medlineplus.org
- FSGS- emedicine.com
Categories: Nephrology| Medicine stubs
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal+segmental+glomerulosclerosis Wikipedia article Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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