Hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is liver failurethat results in concomitant renal failure. Prognosis is generally very poor.

The renal failure in HRS is thought to result from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system(SNS) activation. Kidneysthat are normal typically resume functioning following a successful liver transplantation.

It is estimated that 40% of patients with cirrhosisand ascites, which are stigmata of chronic liver disease, will develop HRS during the course of their disease.

HRS classified in to Type I HRS and Type 2 HRS

• Type I HRS is associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Median survival of Type I HRS, without treatment, is less than two weeks.
• Type II HRS is characterized by relatively stable hepatic function. Survival in Type II HRS is typically 3-6 months.

Treatment

Acute treatment involves maintaining the blood pressure. Several vasoactive agents, including terlipressin, midrodrineand norepinephrine, have shown some benefit. These agents should be given concomitantly with intravenous infusion of albumin. If the patient is taking diuretics, they should be discontinued.

The definitive treatment for HRS is liver transplantation. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS)^{[{{fullurl:Template:FULLPAGENAME}}#endnote_Guevara]} and liver dialysis^{[{{fullurl:Template:FULLPAGENAME}}#endnote_Mitzner]} have shown some promise for HRS patients.

References

1. ^  Guevara M, Rodes J. Hepatorenal syndrome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Jan;37(1):22-6. PMID 15381144
2. ^ Mitzner SR, Stange J, Klammt S, Risler T, Erley CM, Bader BD, Berger ED, Lauchart W, Peszynski P, Freytag J, Hickstein H, Loock J, Lohr JM, Liebe S, Emmrich J, Korten G, Schmidt R. Improvement of hepatorenal syndrome with extracorporeal albumin dialysis MARS: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Liver Transpl. 2000 May;6(3):277-86. PMID 10827226

External link

Hepatorenal syndrome- emedicine.com article

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatorenal+syndrome Wikipedia article Hepatorenal syndrome.