Fluorodeoxyglucose

Fluorodeoxyglucose is a molecule that is an analogue of glucose. Its full chemical name is 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and is commonly abbreviated to FDG. The molecule is most commonly used in the medical imagingmodality positron emission tomography(PET). Here the fluorinein the FDG molecule is replaced with the positronemitting radioactive isotopefluorine-18 to produce ¹⁸F-FDG. After injection into a patient, a PET scanner can form images of the distribution of FDG around the body. The images can be assessed by a radiologistto provide diagnoses of various medical conditions.

FDG competes with glucose in the hexokinasereaction. Unlike glucose, the FDG-6-phosphate formed does not undergo glycolysisand as a result, the distribution of ¹⁸F-FDG is a reflection of the distribution of glucose uptake and phosphorylationby cells in the body.

In PET imaging, ¹⁸F-FDG can be used for the assessment of glucose metabolism in the heartand the brain. It is also used for imaging tumours in oncology. ¹⁸F-FDG is a glucose analog and is taken up by cells, phosphorylated by hexokinase(whose mitochondrialform is greatly elevated in rapidly-growing malignant tumours)^{[{{fullurl:Template:FULLPAGENAME}}#endnote_www.pnas.org.886]}, and retained by tissues with high metabolic activity, such as most types of malignant tumours. As a result FDG-PET can be used for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring treatment of cancers, particularly in Hodgkin's disease, non Hodgkin's lymphoma, and lung cancer.

In the 1970s, Dr. Tatsuo Ido at the Brookhaven National Laboratorywas the first to describe the synthesis of ¹⁸F-FDG.

External links and references

• Amersham Health page on FDG.
• The Conception of FDG-PET Imaging. Abass Alavi and Martin Reivich.

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorodeoxyglucose Wikipedia article Fluorodeoxyglucose.