Dandy-Walker syndrome

Dandy-Walker syndrome is a congenital brain malformation involving the cerebellumand the fluid filled spaces around it. The key features of this syndrome are an enlargement of the fourth ventricle(a small channel that allows fluid to flow freely between the upper and lower areas of the brain and spinal cord), a partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis(the area between the two cerebellar hemispheres) and cyst formation near the internal base of the skull. An increase in the size of the fluid spaces surrounding the brain as well as an increase in pressure may also be present. The syndrome can appear dramatically or develop unnoticed. Symptoms, which often occur in early infancy, include slow motor development and progressive enlargement of the skull. In older children, symptoms of increased intracranial pressuresuch as irritability, vomitingand convulsionsand signs of cerebellar dysfunction such as unsteadiness, lack of muscle coordination or jerky movements of the eyesmay occur. Other symptoms include increased head circumference, bulging at the back of the skull, problems with the nerves that control the eyes, face and neck, and abnormal breathing patterns. Dandy-Walker Syndrome is frequently associated with disorders of other areas of the central nervous system including absence of the corpus callosum(the connecting area between the two cerebral hemispheres, and malformations of the heart, face, limbs, fingersand toes.

Treatment

Treatment for individuals with Dandy-Walker Syndrome generally consists of treating the associated problems, if needed. A special tube to reduce intracranial pressure may be placed inside the skull to control swelling. Parents of children with Dandy Walker Syndrome may benefit from genetic counseling if they intend to have more children.

Prognosis

Children with Dandy-Walker Syndrome may never have normal intellectual development, even when the hydrocephalus is treated early and correctly. Longevity depends on the severity of the syndrome and associated malformations. The presence of multiple congenital defects may shorten life span.

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It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandy-Walker+syndrome Wikipedia article Dandy-Walker syndrome.