Hypertensive retinopathy
{{{Name|Hypertensive retinopathy}}}
[[Image:{{{Image}}}|190px|center|]]
{{{Caption|}}}
|
| ICD-10
| H35.0
|
| ICD-O:
| {{{ICDO}}}
|
| ICD-9
| 362.11
|
| OMIM
| }}}
|
| MedlinePlus
| }}}
|
| eMedicine
| }}}
|
| DiseasesDB
| }}}
|
Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retinadue to high blood pressure(i.e. hypertension).
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 Pathophysiology
- 2 Symptoms
- 3 Signs
- 4 Diagnosis
- 5 Treatment and management
- 6 See also
- 7 References
|
Pathophysiology
The retina is one of the "target organs" that are damaged by sustained hypertension.
Subjected to excessively high blood pressure over prolonged time, the small blood vesselsthat involve the eyeare damaged, thickening, bulging and leaking.
Early signs of retinopathy correlate less well with mortality and morbidity that used to be thought, but signs of accelerated or "malignant" hypertension indicate severe illness.
Symptoms
Most patients with hypertensive retinopathy present without visual symptoms, however, some may report decreased visionor headaches.
Signs
Signsof damage to the retina caused by hypertension include:
- Arterioscleroticchanges
- Arteriolar narrowing that is almost always bilateral
- Grade I - 3/4 normal caliber
- Grade II - 1/2 normal caliber
- Grade III - 1/3 normal caliber
- Grade IV - thread-like or invisible
- Arterio-venous crossing changes (aka "AV nicking) with venous constriction and banking
- Arteriolar color changes
- Copper wire arterioles are those arteriolesin which the central light reflex occupies most of the width.
- Silver wire arterioles are those in which the central light reflex occupies all of the width of the arteriole.
- Vessel sclerosis
- Ischemicchanges (e.g. "cotton wool spots")
- Hemorrhages, often flame shaped.
- Edema
- Ring of exudatesaround the retina called a "macularstar"
- Papilledema, or optic discedema, in patients with malignant hypertension
- Visual acuityloss, typically due to macular involvement
Diagnosis
- Fluorescein angiography
- Ophthalmoscopy
- Sphygmomanometry
Treatment and management
A major aim of treatment is to prevent, limit, or reverse such target organ damage by lowering the patient's high blood pressure. The eye is an organ where damage is easily visible at an early stage, so regular eye examinations are important.
See also
- List of eye diseases and disorders
- Ocular manifestations of systemic disease
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
References
- The Wills Eye Manual: Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, J.B. Lippincott, 1994.
- Hypertensive retinopathy
Categories: Eye stubs| Ophthalmology
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive+retinopathy Wikipedia article Hypertensive retinopathy.
| 
