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Sinusitis

{{{Name|Sinusitis}}}
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ICD-10 {{ICD10
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| 
 ICD9        = 461|

}}

{{{Name|Sinusitis}}}
[[Image:{{{Image}}}|190px|center|]]
{{{Caption|}}}
ICD-10 {{ICD10
ICD-O: {{{ICDO}}}
ICD-9 {{{ICD9}}}
OMIM }}}
MedlinePlus }}}
eMedicine }}}
DiseasesDB }}}
| 
 ICD9        = 473|

}} Sinusitis is inflammation, either bacterial, fungal, viral, allergic or autoimmune, of the paranasal sinuses.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  • 1 Classification
    • 1.1 By location
    • 1.2 Acute vs. chronic
      • 1.2.1 Acute sinusitis
      • 1.2.2 Chronic sinusitis
  • 2 Diagnosis
  • 3 Treatment
  • 4 External links

Classification

By location

Sinusitis is classified by the sinus cavity which it affects:

  • Maxillarysinusitis - causes pain in the maxillary area (e.g., toothache, headache) (J01.0/J32.0)
  • Frontalsinusitis - causes pain in the frontal sinuscavity (located behind/above eyes), headache (J01.1/J32.1)
  • Ethmoidsinusitis - causes pain between and/or behind eyes, headache (J01.2/J32.2)
  • Sphenoidsinusitis - causes less generalized pain, headache (J01.3/J32.3)

Acute vs. chronic

Sinusitis can be acute (going on less than four weeks), subacute (4-8 weeks) or chronic (going on for 8 weeks or more).

Both types of sinusitis have similar symptoms, and are thus often difficult to distinguish.

Acute sinusitis

  • Acute sinusitis is often brought on by bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae, streptococci, or staphylococci.

It is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of the viral type.

Chronic sinusitis

  • Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common complications of the common cold.

Symptoms include: Nasal congestion; facial pain; headache; fever; general malaise; thick green or yellow discharge; feeling of facial 'fullness' worsening on bending over.

In a small number of cases, chronic maxillarysinusitis can also be brought on by the spreading of bacteria from a dental infection. Chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis is a noninfective form of chronic sinusitis.

Diagnosis

Factors which may predispose to developing sinusitis include: allergies; structural problems such as a deviated septum; smoking; nasal polyps; carrying the cystic fibrosisgene (research is still tentative).

When imaging techniques are required for diagnosis CT scanningis the method of choice. If allergies are suspected, allergy testing may be performed.

Treatment

Therapeutic measures include simple painkillers (aspirin, paracetamol(acetaminophen) or similar), inhaling steam, nasal irrigationor jala netiusing a warm saline solution, hot drinks including teaand chicken soup, over-the-counter decongestants, and getting plenty of rest. If sinusitis doesn't improve within 48 hours, or is causing significant pain, one should see a doctor, who may prescribe antibioticsor nasal steroids. If the recommended doses and duration of antibiotictreatment(s) are ineffective, one should consult a doctor; who may suggest further treatment by a qualified specialist.

If left untreated, sinusitis can lead to bronchitisand pneumonia.

For chronic or recurring sinusitis, referral to an otolaryngologistis indicated for more specialist assessment and treatment, which may include nasal surgery.

A recent advance in the treatment of sinusitis is a type of surgery called FESS - functional endoscopicsinus surgery, whereby normal clearance from the sinuses is restored by removing the anatomical and pathological obstructive variations that predispose to sinusitis. This replaces the less effective Caldwell-Luc surgery.

External links

  • Acute sinusitis - MayoClinic.com, from the Web site of the Mayo Clinic.
  • eMedicineemerg/536
  • NIH
  • NHS Directbg:Синуит

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis Wikipedia article Sinusitis.

 
  All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License