Antagonism

Antagonism is defined as hostility that results in active resistance, opposition, or contentiousness.

In chemistry, antagonism is a phenomenon where two or more agents in combination have an overall effect which is less than the sum of their individual effects. The word is most commonly used in this fashion in biochemistryand toxicology. Interference in the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure. For instance, a receptor antagonistis an agent that reduces the response that a ligandproduces when it binds to a receptoron a cell. An example of this is the interleukin-1receptor antagonist. The opposite of antagonism is synergy.

In philosophy, antagonism refers to a principle, force or factor that is an active resistance, opposition, or contentiousness. For instance, capitalismand socialismcan be considered to be inherent antagonists. Some refer agonism(Lyotard, 1975) as the opposite to.de:Antagonismus

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