Injection (medicine)

In medicine—or in the non-medical use of some illegal drugs—an injection is a methodof putting liquidinto the body with a hollow needleand a syringewhich is pierced through the skin long enough for the material to be forced into the body. An injection follows a parenteral route of administration, that is, its effect is not necessarily local to the area in which the injection is administered; it is systematic.

There are generally three types of injections - subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections, and intravenous infusions.

Subcutaneous Injection

A subcutaneous injection is administered into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermisand epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are relatively painless and highly effective in administering such medications as insulinor goserelin.

A person with Type I diabetes mellitustypically injects insulinsubcutaneously. Places on the body where people can inject insulin most easily are:

• The outer area of the upper arm.
• Just above and below the waist, except the area right around the navel(a 2-inch circle).
• The upper area of the buttock, just behind the hip bone.
• The front of the thigh, midway to the outer side, 4 inches below the top of the thigh to 4 inches above the knee.

These areas can vary with the size of the person. Changing the injection site keeps lumps or small dents called lipodystrophiesfrom forming in the skin. However, people should try to use the same body area for injections that are given at the same time each day-for example, always using the stomachfor the morning injection or an arm for the evening injection. Using the same body area for these routine injections lessens the possibility of changes in the timing and action of insulin.

Intramuscular Injection

An intramuscular injection is a substance injected directly into a muscle. Many vaccinesare administered intramuscularly, as well as codeine, metoclopramide, and many other medications. Many drugs injected intramuscularly are absorbed into the muscle fairly quickly, while others are more gradual.

Generally, intramuscular injections are not self-administered, but rather by a trained medical professional.

Intravenous Infusion

An intravenous infusion is a liquid administered directly into the bloodstream via a vein. The first polio vaccinein 1952was injected intravenously until an oral vaccinereplaced it in 1955.

See also

• Intracardiac injection
• Intradermal injection
• Intraosseous infusion
• Intraarterial injection

External links

• FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Data Standards Manual: Route of Administration.de:Spritze

es:Inyección (medicina) fr:Injection (médecin) it:Iniezione (medicina) pl:Iniekcja ru:Инъекция

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It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection+%28medicine%29 Wikipedia article Injection (medicine).