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BiomineralisationBiomineralisation (or biomineralization) is the process in which living organism produce minerals, often to harden or stiffen existing tissues in living organisms. These minerals often form structural features such as sea shellsand the bonein mammalsand birds. Organismshave been producing mineralised skeletonsfor the past 550 million years. The aim of biomimeticsis sometimes to mimic the natural way of producing minerals such as apatites. Many man made crystals require elevated temperatures and strong chemical solutions whereas the organisms have long been able to lay down elaborate mineral structures at ambient temperatures. Often the mineral phases are not pure but are made as compositeswhich entail an organic part often proteinsthat take part in and control the biomineralisation. These composites are often as hard as the pure mineral would but they are also tougher. Biominerals generally consist of either calcium, iron, or silicon, though in rare cases copperhas been known as the base element. The hardness of biomineralisation depends on both the degree of mineralisation (i.e., structure) and the type of mineral. References
|Author=Addadi, L. and S. Weiner |Title=Control And Design Principles In Biological Mineralization |Journal=Angew Chem-Int Edit Engl |Year=1992 |Volume=31 |Issue=2 |Pages=153–169 |URL=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/106587877/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 }}
|Author=Boskey, A.L. |Title=Biomineralization: An overview |Journal=Connective Tissue Research |Year=2003 |Volume=44 |Issue=Supplement 1 |Pages=5–9 }} PMID 12952166
|Author=Weiner, S. and L. Addadi |Title=Design strategies in mineralized biological materials |Journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry |Year=1997 |Volume=7 |Issue=5 |Pages=689–702 |URL=http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/JM/article.asp?doi=a604512j }}he:????????????? nl:Biomineralisatie Categories: Physiology
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