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Pancreas transplantationA pancreas transplant is an organ transplantthat involves replacing the pancreasof a person who has diabeteswith a healthy pancreas that can make insulin. The healthy pancreas comes from a donor who has just died or from a living relative. A person can donate half a pancreas and still live normally. At present, pancreas transplants are usually performed in persons with insulin-dependent diabetes who have severe complications. This is because after the transplant the patient must take immunosuppressive drugsthat are highly toxic and may cause damage to the body; for a majority of diabetics, a lifetime on insulin is a better option.
TypesThere are three main types of pancreas transplantation:
IndicationsIn most cases, pancreas transplantation is performed on individuals with type 1 diabeteswith end-stage renal disease, but sometimes also type 2 diabetes. The majority of pancreas transplantations (>90%) are simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantions.<ref>{{qif |test={{{Authorlink|}}}
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}} Pancreas transplant outcomes for United States (US) and non-US cases as reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR) as of June 2004{{qif |test={{{URL|}}}
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}}{{qif |test={{{Journal|}}}
|then=. Clin Transplant
}}{{qif |test={{{Volume|}}}
|then= 19
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|then= (4)
}}{{qif |test={{{Pages|}}}
|then=: 433-55
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}}. PMID 16008587</ref> ComplicationsComplications immedeately after surgery include rejection, thrombosis, pancreatitisand infection. PrognosisThe prognosis after pancreas transplantation is very good. Over the recent years, long-term success has improved and risks have decreased. One year after transplantation more than 95% of all patients are still alive and 80-85% of all pancreases are still functional. After transplantation patients need lifelong immunosuppression. Immunosuppression increases the risk for a number of different kinds of infection<ref>{{qif |test={{{Authorlink|}}}
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}} Infection in organ-transplant recipients{{qif |test={{{URL|}}}
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}}{{qif |test={{{Journal|}}}
|then=. N Engl J Med
}}{{qif |test={{{Volume|}}}
|then= 338
}}{{qif |test={{{Issue|}}}
|then= (24)
}}{{qif |test={{{Pages|}}}
|then=: 1741-51
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}}. PMID 9624195Full text</ref> and cancer. HistoryThe first pancreas transplantation was performed in 1966, three years after the first kidney transplantation.<ref>{{qif |test={{{Authorlink|}}}
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}} Allotransplantation of the pancreas and duodenum along with the kidney in diabetic nephropathy{{qif |test={{{URL|}}}
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}}{{qif |test={{{Journal|}}}
|then=. Surgery
}}{{qif |test={{{Volume|}}}
|then= 61
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|then= (6)
}}{{qif |test={{{Pages|}}}
|then=: 827-37
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}}. PMID 5338113</ref> A pancreas along with kidney and duodenum was transplanted into a 28-year-old woman and her blood sugar levels decreased immediately after transplantatiom, but eventually she died three months later from pulmonary embolism. In 1979 the first living-related partial pancreas transplantation was done. References<references />
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}} Pancreas transplantation: indications and consequences{{qif |test={{{URL|}}}
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}}{{qif |test={{{Journal|}}}
|then=. Endocr Rev
}}{{qif |test={{{Volume|}}}
|then= 25
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|then= (6)
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|then=: 919-46
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}}. PMID 15583023Full text Categories: Surgery| Transplantation medicine
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