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Dysphagia

Name of Symptom/Sign:
Dysphagia
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}} Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptomof difficulty in swallowing. There may be confusion regarding overlap with the term odynophagia, which describes painful swallowing. It occurs in all age groups, but especially in the elderly. The disorders can occur at any stage of the normal swallowing process, in which food and liquid move from the mouth, through the pharynx, into the esophagusand finally, into the stomach. The disorders are common in individuals with degenerative neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), postpolio syndrome, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosisand Parkinson's disease, and may be the first symptom of the disease. They may also occur after sudden neurological damage as in stroke, or head or spinal cord injury, or indicate other problems, such as the presence of canceror heart problems. People with swallowing disorders may suffer from weight lossor dehydrationand may be at risk for developing pneumonia. Some individuals notice that the disorders get worse at times of stress or excitement.


Inhaltsverzeichnis

  • 1 Causes
  • 2 Treatment
  • 3 See also
  • 4 External links

Causes

mechanical obstruction

  • oesophageal web
  • oesophageal ring
  • oesophageal diverticulum
  • peptic stricture from gastroesophageal reflux diseaseor caustic injury (lye stricture)
  • oesophageal malignancy

local motility disorders

  • achalasia
  • oesophageal spasm
  • scleroderma

neurological disorders

  • brainstem pathology (stroke, mass lesion)
  • multiple sclerosis
  • movement disorders(Parkinson's, Huntington's)
  • muscular dystrophy

Treatment

Drug therapy, including botulinum toxininjection, may provide relief to some individuals with swallowing disorders. Surgerymay also be needed in severely affected persons. Many individuals can be helped by changing their diets and learning new feeding techniques, for example, positioning the head and neck in a certain way to help in swallowing. While in many cases, swallowing disorders can be partially or completely corrected, in some cases they can be life-threatening and require aggressive interventions, such as feeding tubes. The prognosis for people with swallowing disorders that accompany other diseases depends upon the severity of those other diseases. A consultation with a speech or occupational therapist with feeding therapy expertise can provide an evaluation utilizing a modified barium swallow test. This same professional can then provide a treatment plan and therapy course.

See also

  • stroke
  • degenerative neurological diseases
    • Parkinson's disease
    • Alzheimer's disease
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • esophageal achalasia

External links

  • NIH
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de:Dysphagie

es:Disfagia fr:Dysphagie it:Disfagia ms:Penyakit Disfagia

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/Dysphagia"



This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagia Wikipedia article Dysphagia.

 
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