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2,4-Dinitrophenol

2,4-Dinitrophenol
Image:2,4-dinitrophenol.jpg
Chemical name 2,4-Dinitrophenol
Other Names Solfo Black
Chemical formula C6H4N2O4
Molecular mass 184.108 g/mol
CAS number 51-28-5
Properties
Density 1.683 g/cm3
Melting point 108 °C
Boiling point 113 °C
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
Main hazards Flammable
Explosive
Poison
NFPA 704 Image:Nfpa h3.pngImage:Nfpa f3.pngImage:Nfpa r3.png
Flash point °C
Autoignition temperature °C
R/S statement R: 10, 23, 24, 25, 33
S: 1, 2, 28, 37, 45
RTECSnumber
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references


2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP), C6H4N2O4, is a cellularmetabolicpoison. It uncouples oxidative phosphorylationby carrying protonsacross the mitochondrialmembrane, leading to a rapid consumption of energywithout generation of ATP.

Dinitrophenols as a class of compounds, of which there are six members, do not occur naturally but are all manufactured compounds.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  • 1 Industrial uses
  • 2 Environmental toxicity
  • 3 Use as dieting aid
  • 4 References

Industrial uses

Commercial DNP is primarily used for making dyes, other organic chemicals, and wood preservatives. It is also used to make photographic developer, explosives, and insect control substances. DNP is sold under many trade names, some are Caswell No. 392®, Sulfo Black B®, and Nitro Kleenup®.

Environmental toxicity

DNP is considered an important environmental contaminant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It has been found in 61 of 1400 priority sites that need clean-up of industrial waste. It can enter the air from automobile exhaust, burning of certain industrial substances, and from reaction of nitrogen in air with other atmospheric chemicals. The major site of degradation is the soil, where microorganisms metabolize it.

Use as dieting aid

DNP was used in the 1930sin diet pills, since it promotes the metabolizing of carbohydrates and fats, the patient losing the energy as heat and causing dramatic weight loss over a relatively short time. However, there were concerns about carcinogenicmutations, as well as the risk of overdose leading to severe health risk and death, and this use was discontinued.

Today, DNP is used by bodybuilders, often illegally, to rapidly lose body fat before contests.

References

  1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(September 1996). ToxFAQ about Dinitrophenols. Verified availability July 17, 2005.
  2. Eugene J Fine, and Richard D Feinman (2004). "Thermodynamics of weight loss diets." Nutrition & Metabolism, 1(1):15. Verified availability July 17, 2005.
  3. Food Standards Agency(June 17, 2003). "Food Standards Agency issues urgent advice on consumption of 'fat burner' capsules containing DNP". Press release. Verified availability July 17, 2005.


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de:Dinitrophenol
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/2%2C4-Dinitrophenol"



This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C4-Dinitrophenol Wikipedia article 2,4-Dinitrophenol.

 
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